Kamus Demografi Pelbagai Bahasa, Edisi Kedua, Volum Bahasa Malaysia

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A demographic model¹ consists of a theoretical construct representing the evolution of a population (of individuals, couples, families, households, etc.) and its structure on the basis of its initial state and the effect of various demographic variables (such as fertility, fecundability, mortality, etc.). In a static model², these variables remain constant; in a dynamic model³, they are allowed to change over time. A further distinction is made between deterministic models⁴ which assign functional relations between definite values of the variables, as if the studied population were infinitely large, and stochastic models⁵ or probabilistic models⁵ which consider the probability of various events occurring to individuals over the duration of the process under study. The model may be set out in mathematical formulas or take the form of a simulation⁶ where specific values of the variables are included in a system of relations. Macrosimulations⁷ may for example involve population projections made by the component method (720-5). In microsimulations⁸, events are made to occur randomly to individuals or groups over time according to sets of probabilities assigned to the variables in the model.