The Demopædia Encyclopedia on Population is under heavy modernization and maintenance. Outputs could look bizarre, sorry for the temporary inconvenience
Kamus Demografi Pelbagai Bahasa, Edisi Kedua, Volum Bahasa Malaysia
Perbezaan antara semakan-semakan "40"
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=== 402 === | === 402 === | ||
| − | + | Kadar kematian tertentu digunakan untuk mengkaji {{TextTerm|perbezaan mortaliti|1|402|OtherIndexEntry=mortaliti, perbezaan}} antara kumpulan, dan rujukan dilakukan bagi {{TextTerm|lebihan mortaliti|2|402|OtherIndexEntry=mortaliti, lebihan}} bagi satu kumpulan terhadap kumpulan lain, atau terhadap baki populasi. Ia diukur melalui {{NewTextTerm|indeks lebihan mortaliti|3|402|OtherIndexEntry=lebihan mortaliti. indeks ...|OtherIndexEntryTwo=mortaliti. indeks, lebihan...}}. Kajian mengenai perbezaan pada kadar kematian bagi pekerjaan tertentu dipanggil kajian mengenai {{TextTerm|mortaliti pekerjaan|4|402|OtherIndexEntry=mortaliti, pekerjaan}}. | |
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| + | In a rather different sense the term {{TextTerm|occupational mortality|5|402|OtherIndexEntry=mortality, occupational}} may refer to the mortality from hazards associated with a particular occupation. Among these, we may mention {{TextTerm|occupational diseases|6|402|IndexEntry=occupational disease|OtherIndexEntry=disease, occupational}}. | ||
=== 403 === | === 403 === | ||
Semakan pada 05:16, 20 Februari 2013
| Penolak tuntutan : Penaja Demopaedia tidak semestinya bersetuju dengan kesemua definisi yang terkandung dalam Kamus versi ini. Pengharmonian edisi kedua Kamus Demografi Pelbagai Bahasa adalah suatu proses berterusan. Sila rujuk laman perbincangan untuk komen selanjutnya. |
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401
Kajian mengenai mortaliti1 adalah berkaitan dengan kesan kematian terhadap populasi. Istilah umum kadar mortaliti2 atau kadar kematian2 mengandungi kesemua kadar (133-4) yang mengukur kekerapan kematian3. Kebiasaannya, kadar kematian kasar4 akan digunakan dalam mengira kadar kematian (cf. 136-8 bagi perbincangan umum mengenaikadar kasar). Kadar ini adalah dikira secara tahunan dan ia adalah nisbah bagi bilangan kematian tahunan kepada bilangan penduduk yang terdedah kepada risiko kematian dalam sesuatu tahun. Bilangan penduduk yang terdedah kepada risiko ini adalah menyamai min penduduk5 atau purata penduduk5 bagi sesuatu tempoh, dan penduduk pada titik pertengahan sesuatu tempoh kebiasaannya akan menggantikan purata penduduk tersebut sekiranya saiz penduduk berubah secara agak seragam. Sekiranya hanya kajian mengenai mortaliti bagi sesuatu sub-populasi (101-6) dilakukan, kadar kematian tertentu (134-6) terutamanya kadar kematian umur-jantina tertentu6 adalah lebih kerap digunakan. Kadar kematian umur tertentu7 digunakan apabila tidak membezakan antara jantina.
402
Kadar kematian tertentu digunakan untuk mengkaji perbezaan mortaliti1 antara kumpulan, dan rujukan dilakukan bagi lebihan mortaliti2 bagi satu kumpulan terhadap kumpulan lain, atau terhadap baki populasi. Ia diukur melalui Templat:NewTextTerm. Kajian mengenai perbezaan pada kadar kematian bagi pekerjaan tertentu dipanggil kajian mengenai mortaliti pekerjaan4.
In a rather different sense the term
occupational mortality5 may refer to the mortality from hazards associated with a particular occupation. Among these, we may mention occupational diseases6.
403
Crude death rates (401-4) will depend upon the structure [particularly the age structure (325-6)] of the population as well as on the level of mortality. If the mortality of different populations is to be compared standardized mortality rates1 or adjusted mortality rates1 are sometimes computed to eliminate the effect of differences in population structure (144-4). Age is the characteristic for which mortality rates are adjusted most frequently by reference to a standard population2 with a given structure. If specific rates (134-6) for the population studied are available, it is possible to use the direct method of standardization3 which consists of applying these rates to the corresponding groups of the standard population. If specific rates are not available, it is still possible to obtain standardized mortality rates by the indirect method of standardization4. More frequently, comparative mortality indices5 are computed by applying standard mortality rates6 to the different groups of the population studied and summing these to obtain an expected number of deaths; the indices are then obtained by comparing the observed deaths7 in the population with the expected deaths8 which would have occurred had the standard rates applied.
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